Reasons for Designation
A small number of areas in southern England appear to have acted as foci for
ceremonial and ritual activity during the Neolithic and Bronze Age periods.
Two of the best known and earliest recognised areas are around Avebury and
Stonehenge, now jointly designated as a World Heritage Site.
The area of chalk downland which surrounds Stonehenge contains one of the
densest and most varied groups of Neolithic and Bronze Age field monuments in
Britain. Included within the area are Stonehenge itself, the Stonehenge
cursus, the Durrington Walls henge, and a variety of burial monuments, many
grouped into cemeteries.
The area has been the subject of archaeological research since the 18th
century when Stukeley recorded many of the monuments and partially excavated a
number of the burial mounds. More recently, the collection of artefacts from
the surfaces of ploughed fields has supplemented the evidence for ritual and
burial by revealing the intensity of contemporary settlement and land-use. In
view of the importance of the area, all ceremonial and sepulchral monuments of
this period which retain significant archaeological remains are identified as
nationally important.
Round barrow cemeteries date to the Bronze Age (2000-700 BC). They comprise
closely spaced groups of up to 30 round barrows - rubble or earthen mounds
covering single or multiple burials. Most cemeteries developed over a
considerable period of time, often many centuries, and in some cases acted as
a focus for burials as late as the early medieval period. They exhibit
considerable diversity of burial rite, plan and form, frequently including
several different types of round barrow and occasionally associated with
earlier long barrows. Where investigation beyond the round barrows has
occurred, contemporary or later 'flat' burials between the barrow mounds have
often been revealed. Round barrow cemeteries occur across most of lowland
England with a marked concentration in Wessex. In some cases they are
clustered around other important contemporary monuments, as is the case both
here and at Avebury. Often occupying prominent positions, they are a major
historic element in the modern landscape, while their diversity and their
longevity as a monument type provide important information on the variety of
beliefs and social organisation amongst early prehistoric communities.
Disc barrows are funerary monuments dating from 1600-1200 BC. They occur
either in isolation or in round barrow cemeteries. Disc barrows were
constructed as a circular or oval area of level ground defined by a bank and
internal ditch and containing one or more central or eccentrically located
small, low mounds, covering burials, usually in pits. The burials are normally
cremations and are frequently accompanied by pottery vessels, tools
and personal ornaments. Disc barrows are rare nationally with only 250
examples known of which 29 are located within the Stonehenge area.
Bowl barrows, the most numerous form of round barrow, are funerary monuments
dating from the Late Neolithic period to the Late Bronze Age. They were
constructed as earthen or rubble mounds, normally ditched, which covered
single or multiple burials. Often superficially similar, although differing
widely in size, they exhibit regional variations in form and a variety of
burial practices. The burials, either inhumations or cremations, are
sometimes accompanied by pottery vessels, tools and personal ornaments. There
are over 10,000 surviving bowl barrows recorded nationally and at least 320 in
the Stonehenge area.
The two disc barrows and the bowl barrow known as Bush Barrow south east of
Normanton Gorse survive well and form an integral part of the Normanton Down
round barrow cemetery, which is an outstanding example of its class. Partial
excavation has shown that these three barrows contain archaeological remains
and environmental evidence relating to the monument and the landscape in which
it was constructed.
Details
The monument includes three round barrows situated on Normanton Down, forming
part of the Normanton Down round barrow cemetery. The location has extensive
views to the south across Wilsford Down, and to the north across Stonehenge
and the Cursus. The Normanton Down round barrow cemetery consists of 28 round
barrows in all, including 17 bowl barrows, seven disc barrows, three bell
barrows and a saucer barrow. Near the centre of the cemetery is a Neolithic
long barrow. This monument includes Bush Barrow, one of the bowl barrows and
two of the disc barrows.
The mound of the disc barrow situated north west of the track is 8m in
diameter and 0.3m high. It is surrounded by a berm 15m wide, a ditch 8m wide
and 0.5m deep and an outer bank 3m wide and 0.5m high, giving an overall
diameter of 60m.
The mound of the disc barrow south east of the track is 8m in diameter and
0.3m high. It is surrounded by a berm 15m wide, which is in turn surrounded by
a ditch 6m wide and 0.5m deep and an outer bank 4m wide and 0.5m high, giving
an overall diameter of 58m. Some 20m east of the south east disc barrow is
Bush Barrow. Its mound is 40m in diameter and 4m high. It is surrounded by a
ditch, from which material was quarried during its construction. This is now
difficult to identify on the ground, having become infilled over the years,
but it is calculated to be 3m wide, giving an overall diameter of 46m.
Partial excavation of the north west disc barrow in the 19th century revealed
a primary cremation with beads of amber, shale and faience. There is also
evidence of the insertion of a 20th century Druid cremation. Partial
excavation of the south east disc barrow in the 19th century revealed a
primary cremation and found that the mound had been opened previously, either
by William Stukeley or the Earl of Pembroke. Partial excavation of Bush
Barrow in the 19th century revealed a primary inhumation of an adult male with
the remains of a possible helmet, an axe, two daggers, a perforated macehead
and gold ornamental plates.
All fence posts are excluded from the scheduling, but the ground beneath these
features is included. The north east-south west track which crosses the south
eastern edge of the more northerly disc barrow and the north western edge of
the more southerly disc barrow is included in the scheduling.
MAP EXTRACT
The site of the monument is shown on the attached map extract.
It includes a 2 metre boundary around the archaeological features,
considered to be essential for the monument's support and preservation.
